\[
\sin \left(x \right) = \sum_{i = 1}^{\infty} \frac{x^{2 i - 1}}{\left( 2 i - 1 \right)!} \left( -1 \right)^{i - 1}
\]
The exact derivation is available as a PDF on github.
The translation of this sum into Haskell code was simple:
sin' :: (Num a, Fractional a) => a -> a
sin' x = sum [sinTerm x i | i <- [1..33]]
sinTerm :: (Num a, Fractional a) => a -> Integer -> a
sinTerm x i = (x^oddTerm / fromIntegral (factorial oddTerm))*(-1)^(i-1)
where oddTerm = 2*i - 1
So, this code is pretty straight forward, if you wanted to get more accuracy on the results you could change "33" to be some greater value (33 says that we will sum up 33-1=32 terms of the taylor series).
Of course this code references factorial which is defined simply as:
factorial :: Integer -> Integer
factorial 1 = 1
factorial n = n * factorial (n-1)
As usual, code and tests are available on github.
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